Surgical simulation is a field of research that involves developing virtual reality, computer-based or physical models to provide realistic training and practice for surgical procedures. These simulations can be used to train surgeons in new techniques, refine their skills, and improve patient safety. They can also be used for research purposes to test new procedures or devices before they are used on live patients. Surgical simulation aims to provide a safe and effective way for surgeons to gain hands-on experience and expertise in a controlled environment.